Bananas for Scale
Niagara Falls

Photo by Edward Koorey on Unsplash

Niagara Falls

North America's most powerful waterfall/Water

Niagara Falls straddles the US-Canada border and moves more water than any other waterfall in North America. About 2,800 cubic meters of water plunge over the falls every second during peak flow. The falls erode the underlying rock and have retreated about 11 kilometers upstream since they formed roughly 12,000 years ago.

Measurements

Height (Horseshoe Falls)51 m
9.4 quadrillionCarbon nuclei
232TV remotes
1.5 thousandthsEnglish Channel crossings

About 167 feet

Width (Horseshoe Falls)1,100 m
11,340Softball circumferences
220SUV lengths
333African elephant heights

The crest of the Canadian Horseshoe Falls

Volume discharged per minute169,920 m³
3.4 trillionEyedrops
17 millionWatermelons
5,149Shipping container volumes

About 2,832 m³/s peak flow × 60 seconds

Potential hydroelectric power4 billion W
2.2 millionDishwashers
2.1 hundredthsSaturn V first stages

About 4 GW; actual generation is shared between US and Canadian plants

Water speed at base32 m/s
1.03Cheetahs
10.7 millionthsPercent light speeds

Water reaches about 32 m/s when it hits the plunge pool

Retreat since formation11,000 m
733,333Blueberry diameters
3,333Hammock lengths
4.1 tenthsMalta lengths

About 11 km of erosional retreat over 12,000 years

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