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Aurora Borealis

Photo from Wikimedia Commons

Aurora Borealis

Nature's own light show, powered by the Sun/Events & Phenomena

The Aurora Borealis, or Northern Lights, occurs when charged particles from the solar wind slam into gas molecules in Earth's upper atmosphere, causing them to glow. The result is shimmering curtains of green, purple, red, and blue light that can stretch thousands of kilometers across the sky. They typically occur between 100 and 300 km altitude and are best seen from high-latitude regions. Despite centuries of study, they still stop people in their tracks.

Measurements

Typical altitude100,000 m
2.4 millionWatch face widths
33.3Airport runway lengths

100–300 km above the surface

Arc length3 million m
375 millionLadybugs
37,500City blocks

Can stretch 3,000+ km across the sky

Total power output1 trillion W
826Flux capacitors
100 quadrillionPacemakers

~1 TW during a strong geomagnetic storm

Curtain thickness1,000 m
578Yoga mat lengths
2,222Necklace lengths

Surprisingly thin; about 1 km

Solar wind speed450,000 m/s
166,667Casual joggers
505,618Walking humans
67,164Cyclists

Typical solar wind: 400–500 km/s

Thermosphere temperature1,000 K
3.21Human fevers
5 tenthsBlast furnace cores

At aurora altitudes; ~700°C

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